Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women, especially in Africa.
The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks cervical cancer as the fourth most common cancer affecting women globally, accounting for approximately 660,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths in 2022.
According to the United Nations, a woman dies from cervical cancer every two minutes worldwide. Most of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, where health systems are often overstretched and prevention services are limited.
This is worrying because cervical cancer is largely preventable and treatable when detected early. Yet, thousands of women continue to lose their lives every year due to gaps in awareness, prevention, and access to healthcare services.
What Causes Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer develops in the cervix and is mainly caused by persistent infection with certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV).
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally, with around 80% of people infected at least once in their lives. Though the body often clears it naturally, HPV can affect the cervix, anus, vulva, vagina, penis, and parts of the mouth and throat, and sometimes the infection becomes persistent.
Most women with early-stage cervical cancer do not show symptoms. When symptoms appear, the disease is often already advanced, making treatment more difficult and expensive
Why African Women Are at Higher Risk
In many African countries, access to HPV vaccination, regular screening, and early treatment remains limited. Rural communities, low-income families, and young girls are particularly affected. Cultural stigma, lack of information, and weak health infrastructure further increase the risk.
In Kenya for instance, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women, and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, claiming approximately 10 women every day. With about 5,845 new cases annually, Kenya ranks among the top 20 countries worldwide with the highest cervical cancer burden.
Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, marked every January, highlights these gaps and calls for urgent action to protect women and girls.
Prevention Through Vaccination and Screening
The good news is that cervical cancer can be prevented. HPV vaccination is one of the most effective tools available.
The vaccine is recommended for girls aged 9 to 14, before they become sexually active. When widely used, it can prevent up to 90 per cent of cervical cancer cases.
Regular screening is also critical. Screening helps detect abnormal cervical cells before they turn into cancer. Early detection allows for timely treatment and saves lives.
Ending cervical cancer will require strong political commitment, community education, and investment in women’s health. With the right information and services, no woman should die from a disease that can be prevented.
